| Sažetak | Imovinskopravni odnosi bračnih drugova u hrvatskom su pravu normirani Obiteljskim zakonom, koji bračnim drugovima nudi zakonski i ugovorni režim. Kao pravilo će vrijediti zakonski režim, odnosno sustav zajednice stečenih dobara. Vlastitom imovinom smatra se imovina koju bračni drug ima u trenutku sklapanja braka, kao i ona koju tijekom trajanja bračne zajednice stekne na pravnom temelju različitom od rada i u odnosu na nju, bračni drug se smatra samovlasnikom te tako i upravlja i raspolaže njome. S druge strane bračna stečevina predstavlja imovinu koju su bračni drugovi stekli radom za vrijeme trajanja bračne zajednice ili koja potječe iz takve imovine, te njome upravljaju kao suvlasnici. Bračna stečevina ima svoja bitna obilježja, a to su pravni temelj, vrijeme stjecanja te vlasničkopravni odnos. Što se tiče vlasničkopravnog odnosa u pogledu bračne stečevine, smatra se da su bračni drugovi suvlasnici u jednakim dijelovima. No, postoje određena ograničenja, odnosno iako se smatra da svaki bračni drug ima sve ovlasti vlasnika u pogledu svog idealnog dijela stvari, on smije izvršavati vlasničke ovlasti samo ako to ne čini na štetu drugog bračnog druga. Jednako kao što bračni drugovi mogu sklopiti bračni ugovor, tako mogu i ugovoriti pretpostavke kada će doći do razvrgnuća bračne stečevine. Razlikujemo sudsko i dobrovoljno razvrgnuće, koje kao posljedicu ima prestanak suvlasništva bračne zajednice, odnosno bračni drugovi postaju vlasnici određene stvari ili novca. Bračni ugovor je pravni posao nevjeste i ženika ili bračnih drugova o uređenju imovinskopravnih odnosa na postojećoj ili budućoj imovini. Za valjanost bračnog ugovora potrebno je da su ispunjene pretpostavke koje se odnose na poslovnu sposobnost stranaka, zatim valjano i suglasno očitovanje volje, dopuštenost sadržaja te oblik u kojem je sklopljen sam ugovor, odnosno traži se pisani oblik. Iako se bračni ugovor sklapa se između bračnih drugova, njegovo se djelovanje može protegnuti i na treće osobe, odnosno pojedini uglavci iz samog ugovora ili određena raspolaganja mogu imati učinak prema trećima samo ako su upisani u zemljišne knjige ili javne upisnike. Zagovara se osnivanje registra bračnih ugovora s obzirom na brojne prednosti koje bi ono donijelo. U prvom redu to bi bila pravna sigurnost, naravno samih bračnih drugova odnosno stranaka kao i zainteresiranih trećih osoba. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Property relations between spouses are standardized in Croatian law by the Family Act, which offers spouses a legal and contractual regime. The legal regime, as a rule considere the system of the community of acquired goods. Own property is considered as property that a spouse has at the time of marriage, as well as that which he acquires during the duration of the marriage union on the legal basis of a different employment relationship and in relation to it, the spouse is considered to be the sole owner and thus manages and disposes of it. On the other hand, matrimonial property represents property that the spouses have acquired through work during the duration of the marriage union or that originates from such property, and they manage it as co-owners. Marital property has its own essential characteristics, namely the legal basis, the time of acquisition and the ownership relationship. As for the ownership relationship with regard to the matrimonial property, it is considered that the spouses are co-owners in equal parts. No, there are certain restrictions, that is, although each spouse is considered to have all the powers of the owner in respect of his ideal part of the property, he may exercise the powers of ownership only if he does not do so to the detriment of the other spouse. In the same way that spouses can enter into a marriage contract, they can also agree on assumptions when the marital property will be distributed. We distinguish between judicial and voluntary dissolution, which results in the termination of co-ownership of the marital union, i.e. the spouses become the owners of a certain thing or money. Marital agreement is a legal contract between the bride and groom or spouses on the arrangement of property relations on existing or future property. For the valid marriage contract it is necessary that the assumptions related to the business capacity of the parties are met, then a valid and and consensual expression of will, the permissibility of the content and the form in which the contract itself was concluded, and also it is required to be in written form. Although a marriage contract is concluded between spouses, its effects can be protected against third parties, that is, certain clauses from the contract itself or certain dispositions can have an effect against third parties only if they are entered in land registers or public registers. The establishment of a registry of marriage contracts is advocated, given the numerous advantages it would bring. First of all, it would be legal security, of course for the spouses themselves, that is, the parties as well as interested third parties. |
