Uloga sudsko-medicinskog vještačenja u kaznenom postupku uz osvrt na presudu Europskog suda za ljudska prava Bajić protiv Hrvatske

master's thesis

• Title (english): The Role of Medical Expertise in Criminal Proceedings with Reference to the Judgement of ECtHR in Case Bajić against Croatia
• Author: Pavica Bilić
• Mentor: Zoran Burić (mentor)
• Committee member: Zoran Burić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Elizabeta Ivičević Karas (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zlata Đurđević (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Law; (Criminal Procedural Law); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-04-10, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Law

Abstract

Tema ovog diplomskog rada je značaj sudskomedicinskih vještačenja u kaznenom postupku, uz osvrt na utjecaj neovisnosti i nepristranosti takvih vještačenja na tijek i ishod kaznenog postupka, koji je posebno problematiziran u presudi Europskog suda za ljudska prava Bajić protiv Hrvatske. Odredbe o vještačenju nalaze se u Glavi XVIII. Zakona o kaznenom postupku, konkretno u člancima od 308. do 328. te spadaju pod dokazne radnje u kaznenom postupku. Iskaz vještaka je dokaz u kaznenom postupku iz kojeg tijelo kaznenog postupka zaključuje o postojanju ili nepostojanju činjenica koje se mogu utvrditi samo s pomoću stručnog znanja i umijeća. S obzirom da nalaz i mišljenje vještaka predstavljaju značajna, a ponekad i jedina pouzdana dokazna sredstva u kaznenim postupcima, u radu se prvenstveno obrađuje iznimno bitna uloga liječnika kao sudskog vještaka te se ističe pitanje njihove nepristranosti kada je riječ o postupcima povodom počinjenja kaznenih djela protiv zdravlja ljudi. Prvi dio rada započinje povijesnim prikazom razvoja sudske medicine i instituta vještačenja te pregledom odredbi Zakona o kaznenom postupku, Zakona o sudovima i Pravilnika o imenovanju stalnih sudskih vještaka, kojima je uređen generalni položaj vještaka u suvremenom kaznenom postupku u Republici Hrvatskoj. Nadalje, u radu se kroz prizmu zakonskih odredbi analizira specifična uloga liječnika kao vještaka, s naglaskom na njegovu stručnost, uz osvrt na najpoznatija i najčešća medicinska vještačenja u kaznenom postupku poput pregleda i obdukcije tijela, vještačenja tjelesnih ozljeda, molekularno-genetske analize te vještačenja psihijatrijskim pregledom.

Rad završava prikazom presude Europskog suda za ljudska prava u predmetu Bajić protiv Hrvatske u kojoj je podnositelj isticao upravo neovisnost vještačenja, a Sud utvrdio povredu članaka 2. i 13. Konvencije za zaštitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda.

Abstract (english)

The topic of this Master thesis is the role and importance of doctors and other medical professionals as expert witnesess in criminal proceedings, with reference to the influence of the independence and impartiality of such expertise on the course and outcome of criminal proceedings, which was particularly problematic in the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights Bajić v. Croatia. Provisions on expert witnesess can be found Chapter XVIII. of the Croatian Criminal Procedure Act, specifically in articles 308 to 328, and fall under evidentiary actions in criminal proceedings. An expert witness's testimony is considerd a crutial evidence in criminal proceedings from which the Court and other bodies of criminal proceedings concludes about the existence or non-existence of facts that can only be established with the help of professional knowledge and skills an expert witness posesses. Given that the findings and opinions of expert witnesses represent significant, and sometimes the only reliable means of evidence in criminal proceedings, this thesis primarily deals with the extremely important role of doctors as expert witnesess and highlights the question of their impartiality when it comes to proceedings regarding the commission of criminal offenses against People's Health. The first part of the thesis begins with a historical overview of the development of forensic medicine and the institute of expert witness and an overview of the provisions of the Croatian Criminal Procedure Act, Courts Act and the Ordinance on the Appointment of Permanent Expert Witnesess, which regulate the general position of expert witnesess in criminal proceedings in Croatia. Furthermore, the thesis analyzes the specific role of the doctor as an expert witness through the prism of legal provisions, with an emphasis on his expertise, and also with reference to the most well-known and common medical expertise in criminal proceedings, such as body examination and autopsy, physical injury expertise, molecular genetic analysis, and psychiatric expertise examination.

The thesis ends with a brief summary of the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Bajić v. Croatia, in which the applicant emphasized the independence of the expert witness, and the Court found a violation of Articles 2 and 13 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

• Keywords: vještačenje; sudska medicina; sudsko-medicinsko vještačenje; posebne dokazne radnje; neovisnost; zdravlje ljudi; nesavjesno liječenje; pravo na život
• Keywords (english): expert witness; forensic medicine; forensic medical expertise; special evidentiary actions; independence; human health; medical malpractice; right to life
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:199:002139
• Study programme: Title: Law; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni magistar/magistrica prava (sveučilišni magistar/magistrica prava)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-04-12 06:14:20