Analiza reformi mirovinskog sustava u zemljama Srednje Europe

master's thesis

• Title (english): Analysis of pension system reforms in Central European countries
• Author: Lucija Bašnec
• Mentor: Zdenko Babić (mentor)
• Committee member: Zdenko Babić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jelena Matančević (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Danijel Baturina (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Law; (Social policy); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-28, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Social Activities

Abstract

Mirovinski sustav jedan je od najvažnijih sustav socijalne sigurnosti neke zemlje. Zemlje Srednje Europe 90-ih su godina prošlog stoljeća bile suočene s krizom mirovinskih sustava koji su obliku u kojem su postojali bili neizdrživi. Razlozi su bili starenje populacije, nezaposlenost koja se rješavala prijevremenim umirovljenjem, pojava sive ekonomije. Kako bi se učinili održivijima, Svjetska banka predlaže drastičnu reformu mirovinskog sustava koja se temeljila na čileanskom modelu. Koncept je bilo uvođenje tri mirovinska stupa; prvi je bio javni obavezni stup međugeneracijske solidarnosti (PAYG), drugi stup je bio obavezni privatni mirovinski stup kapitalizirane štednje, a treći stup je bio dobrovoljni privatni stup. Reforme po uzoru na zemlje Latinske Amerike prihvatile su Hrvatska, Poljska, Slovačka i Mađarska, a Češka i Slovenija protivile su se tako drastičnim reformama te su reformiranju mirovinskog sustava pristupile s fokusom na promjene u prvom stupu. Ostatak zemalja je uslijed globalne financijske krize bio suočen i s krizom mirovinskih sustava koje je opteretio golemi tranzicijski trošak. Posljedično, Poljska i Mađarska s vremenom su odustale od reforme te znatno smanjile drugi stup i učinile ga dobrovoljnim. Slovačka je provela niz mjera kako bi osiguranike ponovo privukla u prvi stup. Hrvatska je jedna od zemalja koja je odlučila zadržati obavezni drugi stup kapitalizirane štednje te je kroz godine nastojala reformama povisiti zakonsku dob umirovljenja.

Abstract (english)

The pension system is one of the most important systems of social security in a country. Central European countries faced a crisis of their pension systems in the 90s, the reasons being aging of the population, unemployment that was being solved with premature retirement, and grey economy that wasn't taxed. To solve named issues, the World Bank proposed drastic reform of the system modeled by the Chilean reform. The concept of reform is the three pillar system. The first pillar was PAYG system, secnod was obligatory private pillar of capitalized savings, and the third was a voluntary private pillar. The reforms were implemented by Croatia, Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary, while Czech republic and Slovenia were opposed to such drastic measures. They implemented the reform that was focused mostly on the first pillar. The rest of the countries were faced with big transition costs. Consequently, Poland and Hungary reversed the reform, Slovakia implemented measures to attract people back to the first pillar and Croatia is one of the countries that decided to keep the second obligatory pillar of capitalized savings and through years tried to raise the statutory age for retirement to make its pension system more sustainable.

• Keywords: kriza; demografsko starenje; reforma; mirovinski sustav; tranzicijski trošak
• Keywords (english): crisis; population ageing; reform; pension system; transitional cost
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:199:022076
• Study programme: Title: Social Policy; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra socijalne politike (magistar/magistra socijalne politike)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-11-07 09:53:55