Kriminalizacija pomoraca i moderni izazovi u praksi

master's thesis

• Title (english): The Criminalization of Seafarers and Modern Challenges in Practice
• Author: Iva Marić
• Mentor: Nikoleta Radionov Karlović (mentor)
• Committee member: Nikoleta Radionov Karlović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Iva Savić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mihael Mišo Mudrić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Law; (Maritime and General Transport Law); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2025-02-25, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Law

Abstract

Ovim će se radom obraditi problem kriminalizacije pomoraca odnosno presumirane kaznene odgovornosti pomoraca, uglavnom zapovjednika brodova, za kaznena djela počinjena na ili u vezi s brodom. Kaznena odgovornost pomoraca utvrđena u sudskim procesima koje obrađuje ovaj rad temeljena je na zapovjednoj odgovornosti. Rad prikazuje institut zapovjedne odgovornosti u ratnom pravu i objašnjava poveznicu između tog instituta i fenomena kriminalizacije. Kaznena djela za koja pomorci uglavnom odgovaraju su najčešće krijumčarenje droge pronađene u teretu ili onečišćenje okoliša mora izazvano havarijom. Prikazan je proces ukrcaja tereta na brod i uloga pomoraca u toj operaciji kako bi bilo jasna činjenica ne postojanja dokaza koji povezuju optužene zapovjednike s kaznenim djelima za koja odgovaraju. Rad donosi rezultate provedene ankete čiji rezultati pokazuju indiciju o visokoj neupućenosti pomoraca u vlastita procesna prava kao i činjenicu da čimbenici koji utječu na razvoj prava pomoraca na ovom području ne rade dovoljno. Republika Hrvatska je domicilna država velikog broja pomoraca, osobito časnika i zapovjednika brodova. Zaštita pomoraca koji se nađu u sudskim postupcima utvrđivanja kaznene odgovornosti od velikog je značaja za Hrvatsku. Iako je rješavanje ovog problema važno za Republiku Hrvatsku ipak je to pitanje međunarodnog značaja i kako bi bilo riješeno nužna je suradnja država, međunarodnih organizacija, predstavnika brodara i sindikata koji okupljaju i predstavljaju pomorce.

Abstract (english)

This paper addresses the issue of the criminalization of seafarers, specifically the presumed criminal liability of seafarers, primarily shipmasters, for criminal offenses committed on or in connection with a ship. The criminal liability of seafarers established in the court cases analyzed in this paper is based on command responsibility. The paper presents the concept of command responsibility in the law of war and explains the link between this concept and criminalization of seafarers. The most common criminal offenses for which seafarers are held accountable include drug smuggling, where illegal substances are found in the cargo, and marine environmental pollution caused by maritime accidents. The process of loading cargo onto a ship and the role of seafarers in this operation are described to clarify the absence of evidence connecting the accused shipmasters to the crimes for which they are held responsible. The paper presents the results of a survey, which indicate a high level of unawareness among seafarers regarding their procedural rights, as well as the insufficient efforts of relevant stakeholders in advancing seafarers' rights in this area. The Republic of Croatia is the home country of a significant number of seafarers, particularly officers and shipmasters. The protection of seafarers involved in criminal liability proceedings is of great importance to Croatia. Although solving this issue is crucial for the Republic of Croatia, it is also a matter of international significance. Addressing it requires the cooperation of states, international organizations, shipowners' representatives, and trade unions that unite and represent seafarers.

• Keywords: Kriminalizacija pomoraca; krijumčarenje droge; onečišćenje okoliša; zapovjedna odgovornost; Sindikat pomoraca Hrvatske; MLC Konvencija.
• Keywords (english): Criminalization of seafarers; drug smuggling; environmental pollution; command responsibility; Croatian Seafarers’ Union; MLC Convention
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:199:067023
• Study programme: Title: Law; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni magistar/magistrica prava (sveučilišni magistar/magistrica prava)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2025-03-03 10:19:56