Vrhovni sud kao najviši izraz demokracije - atenska Heliaja kao model i temelj vrhovnih sudova

master's thesis

• Title (english): The supreme court as the highest expression of democracy - the Athens' Heliaia as the model and foundation of the supreme courts
• Author: Lovro Jakovina
• Mentor: Zrinka Erent-Sunko (mentor)
• Committee member: Zrinka Erent-Sunko (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Miran Marelja (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivan Obadić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Law; (General History of Law and State); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-01-23, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Law

Abstract

Heliaja kao najviši sud u novouspostavljenom demokratskom poretku predstavlja najvažniji segment Solonovih reformi u organizaciji sudbenog sustava. Ovaj je narodni sud organ jedinstvene i jedne pravde za cijeli demos. Pokazuje da je pravda djelo običaja koji je u narodu i da između pravde, morala i vjere nema razgraničenja. U svojoj biti on predstavlja korektiv odlukama drugih sudbenih organa. Njegova je najvažnija nadležnost ocjena usklađenosti svih odluka s Otačkim ustavom. Djeluje kao posljednja instanca u obraćanju sudskim organima u antičkoj Ateni te kao arbitražno sudište i za druge grčke polise. Zbog načina izbora sudaca, vođenja postupaka i njezina djelovanja, ova je institucija odraz demokratizacije cjelokupnog gospodarskog, društvenog i pravnog sustava. Ista se smatra čuvarom tadašnjeg ustavnopravnog poretka. Ovaj rad postavlja tezu da je unatoč jednakoj vrijednosti drugih demokratskih organa, upravo vrhovni sud – Heliaja, kao najviši izraz ostvarenja prava, a i pravde, u očima demosa imao najvažnije i najviše mjesto te vrijednost zbog onoga što je narodu najvažnije, a to je pravedno djelovanje sudbene grane vlasti koje pruža sigurnost, čak i ukoliko ostale grane vlasti u svojem djelovanju podbace.

Abstract (english)

As the highest court in the newly established democratic order, Heliaia constitutes the most important segment of Solon’s organizational reforms of the judiciary. This people’s court is an organ for delivering uniform and single justice for the entire demos. It demonstrates that justice is a matter of people’s customs and that there is no segregation between justice, morality and religion. It is essentially intended to serve as a corrective for decisions of other judicial organs. Its most important responsibility is to evaluate the compliance of each decision with the customary law. It acts as the last instance to address judicial organs in ancient Athens and an arbitration tribunal for other Greek poleis. The arrangements regarding the election of judges, conduct of proceedings and its activities make this institution a reflection of democratization across the economic, social and legal systems. It is considered to be a guardian of the constitutional order at the time. This paper proposes a thesis that, despite the fact that other democratic organs were equally valuable, it is the supreme court, Heliaia, being the highest expression of the implementation of law, as well as service of justice, that had the most important and highest position in the eyes of the demos who perceived it as valuable because it pursued matters of the highest importance to people – equitable operation of the judiciary branch that provides security even if the other branches of government fail.

• Keywords: demokracija; demos; Solon; Grčka; društveno-gospodarsko uređenje; pravni poredak; Heliaja; vrhovno sudište; posljednja instanca odlučivanja; postupak pred Heliajom; Solonove reforme; suvremeni vrhovni sudovi
• Keywords (english): democracy; demos; Solon; Greece; social/economic structure; legal order; Heliaia; supreme court; last instance of decision-making; proceedings before Heliaia; Solon’s reforms; contemporary supreme courts
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:199:160286
• Study programme: Title: Law; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni magistar/magistrica prava (sveučilišni magistar/magistrica prava)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-01-24 08:34:22