Title Spolne i rodne razlike u doživljaju boli Title (english) Sex and gender differences in pain experience Author Marta Đeldum Mentor Koraljka Modić Stanke (mentor)Committee member Koraljka Modić Stanke (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Ninoslava Pećnik (član povjerenstva)Committee member Ana Tokić Milaković (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2023-09-13, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Bol je dio univerzalnog ljudskog iskustva i predstavlja subjektivan doživljaj pojedinca povezan sa stvarnom ili potencijalnom ozljedom tkiva koji se sastoji od afektivne, kognitivne i senzorne dimenzije, no bol je ujedno i varijabilan fenomen s obzirom da pod utjecajem različitih psihosocijalnih čimbenika dolazi do intra- i inter-individualnih razlika u boli. U fokusu ovog rada je pitanje postojanja spolnih i rodnih razlika u doživljaju akutne i kronične boli na koje se želi odgovoriti pregledom kako kliničkih tako i eksperimentalnih istraživanja u kojima se koriste različiti načini izazivanja boli (npr. električni, mehanički, toplinski i dr.). Istraživanjima je utvrđeno kako na spolne i rodne razlike u doživljaju boli utječu biološki čimbenici poput genetike i hormona, te psihosocijalni čimbenici od kojih su najistaknutije rodne uloge te kognitivni i emocionalni čimbenici. Osim toga, na spolne i rodne razlike u doživljaju boli utječe i podrška drugih osoba u socijalnom okruženju, pri čemu se taj učinak pokazao većim kod žena – budući da one pridaju veću pažnju emocionalnoj potpori u situacijama doživljavanja boli pa sukladno tome i osjećaju manji intenzitet boli kada se ista javlja u podržavajućem kontekstu. Osim spolnih i rodnih razlika povezanih s vlastitim doživljajem boli, iste su se pokazale i vezano uz tuđu bol – žene će u prosjeku više empatizirati s tuđom boli, snažnije fiziološki reagirati na istu te je procjenjivati intenzivnijom u odnosu na muškarce, no vrijedi istaknuti da i tu postoji moderatorski učinak očekivanja, odnosno, rodnih uloga. Unatoč tome što su se spol i rod u brojnim istraživanjima pokazali relevantnim čimbenicima u doživljaju boli, postoji potreba za dodatnim istraživanjima o mehanizmima i čimbenicima koji dovode do spolnih i rodnih razlika u doživljaju boli, kao i načinima prevencije i ublažavanja boli kod muškaraca i žena.
Abstract (english) Pain is part of the universal human experience and represents the subjective experience of an individual associated with real or potential tissue damage, which consists of affective, cognitive and sensory dimensions, but pain is also a variable phenomenon, given that under the influence of various psychosocial factors, intra- and inter - individual differences in pain. The focus of this paper is the question of the existence of gender differences in the experience of acute and chronic pain, which we want to answer by reviewing both clinical and experimental research in which different ways of inducing pain are used (eg electrical, mechanical, thermal, etc.). Research has established that sex and gender differences in the experience of pain are influenced by biological factors such as genetics and hormones, and psychosocial factors, the most prominent of which are gender roles and cognitive and emotional factors. In addition, gender differences in the experience of pain are also influenced by the support of other people in the social environment, with this effect being greater in women - since they pay more attention to emotional support in situations of experiencing pain and accordingly feel less pain intensity when it occurs in a supporting context. In addition to gender differences related to one's own experience of pain, the same were also shown in relation to other people's pain - on average, women will empathize more with other people's pain, react more physiologically to it and evaluate it as more intense than men, but it is worth pointing out that there is a moderating effect of expectations or gender roles. Despite the fact that sex and gender have been shown to be relevant factors in the experience of pain in numerous studies, there is a need for additional research on the mechanisms and factors that lead to gender differences in the experience of pain, as well as ways of preventing and alleviating pain in men and women.
Keywords
rod
rodne razlike
bol
spol
spolne razlike
čimbenici
Keywords (english)
gender
gender differences
pain
sex
sex differences
factors
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:199:474357 Study programme Title: Social Work Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2023-11-21 11:32:57
