Međunarodnopravna regulacija oružja za masovno uništenje, s naglaskom na nuklearno oružje

master's thesis

• Title (english): The international legal regulation of weapons of mass destruction, with an emphasis on nuclear weapons
• Author: Dora Čavlović
• Mentor: Rutvica Rusan Novokmet (mentor)
• Committee member: Rutvica Rusan Novokmet (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Davorin Lapaš (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Trpimir Mihael Šošić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Law; (International Law); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-10-17, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Law

Abstract

Oružje za masovno uništenje najrazornija je vrsta oružja i zbog svojih karakteristika predstavlja realnu opasnost za cijelo čovječanstvo jer pitanje njegove pravne uređenosti još nije u potpunosti riješeno. Za razliku od biološkog i kemijskog koje je uređeno međunarodnim ugovorima, nuklearno oružje donedavno nije bilo zabranjeno nekim pravilom međunarodnog prava. U vezi potonjeg, čak je i Međunarodni sud u svom Savjetodavnom mišljenju iz 1996. nije mogao zauzeti definitivan stav o pitanju je li prijetnja uporabom ili sama uporaba nuklearnog oružja u okolnostima samoobrane protivna pravilima međunarodnog humanitarnog prava. U tom vremenskom periodu od 25 godina pravo oružanih sukoba kao segment međunarodnog prava doživljavalo je brojne promjene koje su nastupile kao posljedica nastojanja međunarodne zajednice da uspostavi konkretan pravni okvir kojim bi se reducirala i ograničila upotreba takvog oružja. Recentna prekretnica dogodila se 2021. godine kada je na snagu stupio novi Ugovor o zabrani nuklearnog oružja. Iako se na prvu čini kako bi taj Ugovor uz proglašene bezatomske zone i zabranjene nuklearne pokuse mogao zaokružiti pravnu regulaciju oružja za masovno uništenje, "zveckanja” nuklearnim oružjem tijekom ruske invazije na Ukrajinu otvaraju pitanje hodamo li ponovno po rubu novog nuklearnog rata.

Abstract (english)

Weapons of mass destruction are the most destructive type of weapons and, due to their characteristics, they represent a real danger for the entire humanity because the issue of its legal regulation has not yet been completely resolved. Unlike biological and chemical weapons, which are regulated by international coventions, nuclear weapons, until recently, were not explicitly prohibited by any international legal norm. In this regard, in its Advisory Opinion of 1996 even the International Court of Justice was unable to take a definite stand on the question of whether the threat of use or the actual use of nuclear weapons in circumstances of self-defense is contrary to the rules of international humanitarian law. In that time period of 25 years, the law of armed conflicts as a segment of international law experienced numerous changes that occurred as a result of the efforts of the international community to establish a concrete legislative framework in order to reduce and limit the use of such weapons. A recent turning point occurred when the new Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons entered into force in 2021. Although at first it seems that, along with declared nuclear-weapon-free zones and the prohibition of nuclear tests, this Treaty might complete the legal regulation of weapons of mass destruction, the "rattling” of nuclear weapons during the Russian invasion on Ukraine raises the question of whether we are walking on the edge of a new nuclear war once again.

• Keywords: oružje za masovno uništenje; nuklearno oružje; bezatomske zone; zabrana nuklearnih pokusa; neproliferacija; ugovor o zabrani nuklearnog oružja
• Keywords (english): weapons of mass destruction; nuclear weapons; nuclear-weapon-free zones; prohibition of nuclear tests; non-proliferation; treaty on the probihition of nuclear weapons
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:199:074871
• Study programme: Title: Law; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni magistar/magistrica prava (sveučilišni magistar/magistrica prava)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-11-17 07:28:42