| Abstract | COVID-19 uveliko je promijenio život svakome, a posebno pomorcima budući da oni nisu mogli raditi od kuće, njihov posao je bio nužan kako bi ostatak svijeta dobio potrebnu hranu, sirovine, lijekove i ostale potrepštine. Dodatan problem pomorcima stvara rad u skučenom prostoru i bliskom kontaktu s drugim pomorcima te otežano održavanje propisane udaljenosti kako bi se smanjila mogućnost zaraze COVID-19.
Isto tako, tijekom rada pomorci su izloženi raznim fizičkim i psihičkim stresorima kao što su promjena klime, utjecaj mora, odvojenost od obitelji, iscrpljenost, neispavanost, tjeskoba, promjena prehrambenih navika. Tijekom pandemije COVID-19 otežana je promjena posade, repatrijacija, dopust na obali zbog uvođenja ograničenja koja se tiču putovanja, ulaska i/ ili izlaska iz država, zatvaranja luka, ukidanja letova i izdavanja putnih isprava. Zbog nemogućnosti promjene posade i povratka pomoraca kućama produljen je boravak na moru preko ugovorenog vremena rada. Kao posljedica izloženosti navedenim stresorima i ograničenjima uvedenim zbog COVID-19 mnogi pomorci postaju umorniji, depresivniji i anksiozniji.
Glavnom prijetnjom pomorstvu smatra se umor koji nastaje kao posljedica prekovremenog rada, neispavanosti, preopterećenosti radnim zadacima i stresa. Takvi pomorci su iscrpljeni te se ne mogu koncentrirati niti odgovorno obavljati svoje radne dužnosti na brodu. Nadalje, umoran pomorac nije u stanju racionalno donositi odluke niti pravovremeno reagirati. Kao najuspješnije rješenje protiv umora navodi se kvalitetan san. Posljedično, dugotrajna izloženost ranije spomenutim stresorima utječe na psihičko i fizičko zdravlje pomoraca.
Najčešća pružena rješenja za ostvarivanje prava pomoraca tijekom pandemije COVID-19 bile su ažurirane informacije o posadi, pravovremene promjene posade, pastoralna i duhovna skrb, telefonske linije za pomoć te aplikacije za psihičko zdravlje. |
| Abstract (english) | COVID-19 has greatly changed the life of everyone, especially seafarers since they could not work from home, their work was necessary so that the rest of the world could get the food, raw materials, medicine and other necessities. An additional problem for seafarers is working in a confined space and in close contact with other seafarers. It is difficult for them to maintain the prescribed distance to reduce the possibility of contracting COVID-19.
Likewise, seafarers are exposed to various mentally and physically stressors, such as climate change, the influence of the sea, separation from family, exhaustion, lack of sleep, anxiety and change in eating habits. During the COVID-19 pandemic the change of crew, repatriation, shore leave has been hampered due to the introduction of restrictions regarding travel, entry and/ or exit from the country, port closures, flight cancellations and issuing of travel documents. Due to the impossibility of changing the crew and returning the seafarers home, the stay at sea was extended beyond the contracted working time. As a result of being exposed to the aforementioned stressors and restrictions introduced due to COVID-19, many seafarers are becoming more tired, depressed and anxious.
The main threat to seafaring is fatigue that occurs as a result of overtime work, lack of sleep, overloaded with work tasks and stress. Such seafarers are exhausted and cannot concentrate or responsibly perform their work duties on board. Furthermore, a tired seafarer is not able to make rational decisions or react in a timely manner. Quality sleep is cited as the most successful solution against fatigue. Consequently, long-term exposure to the previously mentioned stressors affects the psychological and physical health of seafarers.
The most common solutions provided during the COVID-19 pandemic were updated crew information, timely crew changes, pastoral and spiritual care, helplines, and mental health apps. |
