Title Odgovornost za neispravan proizvod s posebnim osvrtom na nove tehnologije Title (english) Defective product liablility with special reference to new tehnologies Author Josip-Alesandro Bajan Mentor Tomislav Jakšić (mentor)Committee member Tomislav Jakšić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Antun Bilić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Siniša Petrović (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2023-06-05, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Institut odgovornosti za neispravan proizvod jedan je od nekoliko međusobno komplementarnih i odijeljenih sustava odgovornosti za štetu u postojećem hrvatskom i europskom pravu. Na njegove konstitutivne elemente i specifičnosti utjecale su američka i europska sudska praksa 20. st., koje su nastojale osigurati djelotvornu odštetnopravnu zaštitu oštećenika u slučajevima kad je njegov procesnopravni položaj bio znatno ugrožen. Začetak predmetnog instituta dogodio se u SAD-u putem restatementa, tj. neobvezujućeg izvora prava, u čijoj su izradi sudjelovali ugledni sveučilišni profesori prava, vrhunski suci i pravnici praktičari. Pod utjecajem američkog modela, Europska zajednica donosi Direktivu 85/374/EEZ čime zasniva europski model predmetnog instituta s ciljem maksimalne harmonizacije. Njome su uređeni ključni pojmovi kao što su neispravnost proizvoda, pretpostavke za postojanje odgovornosti, oslobođenje od odgovornosti, rokovi za ostvarivanje prava i odnos prema drugim vrstama odgovornosti za štetu. S vremenom su sve države članice EU-a (ali i neke izvaneuropske države) implementirale Direktivu u svoja nacionalna zakonodavstva, s većim ili manjim uspjehom. Republika Hrvatska učinila je to uz manja (poglavito jezična) odstupanja, koja su kasnijim izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o obveznim odnosima ispravljena. Od usvajanja Direktive do danas, praksa Suda EU-a utvrdila je u mnogim važnim predmetima nužna pojašnjenja i tumačenja Direktive u skladu s njenim ciljevima i svrhom. Brzi napredak tehnologije (advent umjetne inteligencije) i razvoj proizvodnje vrlo sofisticiranih proizvoda utjecali su na donošenje prijedloga revizije Direktive od strane Europske komisije krajem 2022. g. Njime se nastoje obuhvatiti softveri, datoteke za digitalnu proizvodnju i povezane digitalne usluge. Ukazuje se na složenost modernih lanaca opskrbe i potrebe za obuhvaćanjem svakog relevantnog gospodarskog subjekta, kao i za uvažavanjem moguće neimovinske štete i one na podacima oštećenika. Također, uvođenjem novih presumpcija neispravnosti i uzročne veze između štete i neispravnog proizvoda, nastoji se još više olakšati položaj oštećenika. Takav pristup očito je u skladu sa suvremenim načinom života.
Abstract (english) The defective product liability is one of several mutually complementary and separate systems of liability for damage in existing Croatian and European law. Its constitutive elements and specifics were influenced by American and European jurisprudence of the 20th century, which sought to ensure effective legal protection of the injured party in cases where their procedural legal position was significantly threatened. The beginning of the system in question took place in the USA through the restatement, i.e. a non-binding source of law, in the creation of which prominent university professors of law, top judges and legal practitioners participated. Under the influence of the American model, the European Community adopted Directive 85/374/EEC, which established the European model of the system in question with the aim of maximum harmonization. It regulates key concepts such as product malfunction, prerequisites for the existence of liability, exemption from liability, deadlines for exercising rights and the relationship to other types of liability for damage. Over time, all EU member states (as well as some non-European states) have implemented the Directive in their national legislation, with greater or lesser success. The Republic of Croatia did so with minor (mainly linguistic) deviations, which were corrected by subsequent amendments to the Croatian Obligations Act. Since the adoption of the Directive until today, the practice of the Court of the EU has determined in many important cases the necessary clarifications and interpretations of the Directive in accordance with its goals and purpose. The rapid progress of technology (the advent of artificial intelligence) and the development of the production of highly sophisticated products have influenced the adoption of a proposal for the revision of the Directive by the European Commission at the end of 2022. It seeks to cover software, digital manufacturing files and digital services. It points to the complexity of modern supply chains and the need to include every relevant business entity, as well as to take into account possible non-property damage and damage to the data of the injured party. Also, the introduction of new presumptions of defectiveness and a causal link between the damage and the defective product, aims to make the position of the injured party even easier. Such an approach is clearly in line with the modern way of life.
Keywords
odgovornost
neispravan proizvod
šteta
oštećenik
proizvođač
umjetno inteligentni sustavi
digitalne usluge
Keywords (english)
liability
defective product
damage
injured party
manufacturer
artificially intelligent systems
digital services
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:199:374706 Study programme Title: Law Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2023-06-07 07:06:05
