Sustav slobodne i vezane ocjene dokaza u rimskom i recipiranom rimskom pravu

master's thesis

• Title (english): System of formal and informal rules of evidence in Roman law and in the course of its reception
• Author: Paula Šarko
• Mentor: Ivan Milotić (mentor)
• Committee member: Ivana Jaramaz-Reskušić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zrinka Erent-Sunko (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivan Milotić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Law; (Roman Law); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-06-29, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Law

Abstract

Cilj ovog rada je ukazati na pozitivne i negativne aspkekte sustava slobodne i sustava vezane (legalne) ocjene dokaza. Kako bi se postigla svrha, u radu je donesen povijesni presjek iz kojega je jasno vidljiv razvoj tih dvaju sustava. Sustav slobodne ocjene dokaza omogućavao je sucu da na temelju slobodne procjene odredi vrijednost upotrijebljenih dokaznih sredstava u postupku. Tim širokim ovlastima suci su bili podložni korupciji i subjektivizaciji presude. Njegova primjena bila je karakteristična za doba legisakcijog postupka i formularnog postupka. Zatim se uvođenjem kognicijskog postupka i njegovim službenim priznanjem u 3. st. pr. Kr. unose novine u dokazni postupak. Ekstraordinarni postupak svoj konačan oblik zadobio je za vrijeme Justinijanova prava kao liberalni postupak (per libellos). Tada dolazi i do uvođenja sustava vezane ocjene dokaza; sudac više nije bio slobodan pri ocjeni dokazne vrijednosti izvedenih dokaza već se sudac morao pridržavati zakonskih pravila koja su pojedinim dokaznim sredstvima unaprijed pridavala određenu dokaznu snagu. Na taj način pokušalo se suzbiti pojavu sučeve subjektivnosti i arbitrarnosti pri suđenju, no negativan aspekt ovog sustava bila je ograničena mogućnost sučeve slobodne logičke prosudbe. Do ponovnog oživljavanja rimskog prava došlo je 12. stoljeću najprije u Italiji, a potom u većini zapadnoeuropskih i srednjeeuropskih zemalja, a slijedom toga nastaje i nova vrsta postupka: rimsko-kanonski postupak. S obzirom da je bio oblikovan po uzoru na rimski ekstraordinarni postupak također je važila primjena sustava vezane ocjene dokaza. Nadalje, pravilo „unus testis nullus testis“ steklo je tada snagu obveznog dokaznog pravila čiju primjenu sudac nije mogao izbjeći. Također je utvrđena vrijednost i ostalih dokaznih sredstava u postupku.

Abstract (english)

The aim of this paper is to point out the positive and negative aspects of the system of free and the system of related (legal) evaluation of evidence. In order to achieve the purpose, the paper presents a historical cross-section from which the development of these two systems is clearly visible. The system of free evaluation of evidence enabled the judge to determine the value of the evidence used in the proceedings on the basis of free evaluation. With these broad powers, judges were subject to corruption and subjectivization of judgment. Its application was characteristic of the age of the legislative procedure and the formal procedure. Then, with the introduction of the cognitive procedure and its official recognition in the 3rd century AD. bring novelties into the evidentiary procedure. Extraordinary procedure acquired its final form during Justinian's rights as a liberal procedure (per libellos). Then comes the introduction of a system of related evaluation of evidence; the judge was no longer free to assess the probative value of the evidence presented, but the judge had to adhere to legal rules that gave certain means of proof in advance to certain means of evidence. In this way, an attempt was made to suppress the emergence of the judge's subjectivity and arbitrariness in the trial, but the negative aspect of this system was the limited possibility of the judge's free logical judgment. The revival of Roman law took place in the 12th century, first in Italy and then in most Western and Central European countries, and a new type of procedure emerged: the Roman-canonical procedure. As it was modeled on the Roman extraordinary procedure, the application of a system of bound evaluation of evidence also applied. Furthermore, the rule "unus testis nullus testis" then acquired the force of a mandatory rule of evidence, the application of which the judgecould not avoid. The value of other evidence in the proceedings was also determined.

• Keywords: Ključne riječi; sustav slobodne ocjene dokaza; sustav vezane ocjene dokaza; rimsko pravo; rimsko-kanonsko pravo; pravilo „unus testis nullus testis“
• Keywords (english): Keywords; system of free evaluation of evidence; system of related evaluation of evidence; Roman law; Roman canon law; rule unus testis nullus testis
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:199:866445
• Study programme: Title: Law; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra prava (magistar/magistra prava)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-07-11 12:12:32