Title Utjecaj kaznenog progona na pasivno biračko pravo Title (english) The impact of criminal proceedings on passive voting right Author Lucija Krznar Mentor Maja Munivrana (mentor)Committee member Sunčana Roksandić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Maja Munivrana (član povjerenstva)Committee member Aleksandar Maršavelski (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2021-12-22, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Analizirajući odnos kaznenog progona i pasivnog biračkog prava, rad nastoji odgovoriti na pitanja može li, kako i zašto kazneni progon utjecati na pasivno biračko pravo.
Postoje strogi međunarodni standardi koji propisuju pravne temelje za ograničenje biračkih prava, te uvjete pod kojima je ograničenja moguće propisati zakonodavnim normama. Oblici ograničenja biračkog prava uključuju zabranu kandidiranja i gubitak mandata, a implementirani su u izborne sustave na različite načini i pod različitim kriterijima kao što su priroda počinjenog kaznenog djela, priroda izrečene kazne itd. Uz to, postoje i izborni sustavi koji ne uvode ograničenja, tj. ne normiraju ni zabranu kandidiranja niti gubitak mandata.
Poseban naglasak stavljen je na hrvatski regulatorni okvir koji također poznaje ograničenja pasivnog biračkog prava unutar Zakona o lokalnim izborima i Zakona o izborima zastupnika u Hrvatski sabor. Uvjeti pod kojima izborni kandidati gube mandat ili im se je zabranjeno kandidirati, uvelike odgovaraju uvjetima propisanima u drugim zemljama, posebno europskog podneblja.
U analizi opravdanosti implementacije ograničavajućih mjera pasivnom biračkom pravu izneseni su argumenti za i protiv uvođenja ograničenja. S jedne strane ističe se očuvanje demokracije, borba protiv korupcije i nametanje političke odgovornosti kandidatima kao razlozi za uvođenje ograničenja, a s druge strane indirektno ograničavanje aktivnog prava glasa i obračunavanje s političkim neprijateljima predstavljaju razloge zašto pri ograničavanju treba biti oprezan.
Zaključno, važno je da iz gore navedenih razloga, zakonodavac donosi kvalitetne izborne propise i njihovom konzistentnom primjenom vraća povjerenja birača u obnašatelje javnih dužnosti.
Abstract (english) In analysing the relationship between criminal proceedings and right to stand for election, this paper aims to deliver answers to questions such as may the criminal proceedings influence passive suffrage, how and why.
Several international standards provide for legal basis for restriction of the right to stand for election, as well as the conditions under which the restrictions may be imposed by the written legislative norm. Form of restrictions include the ineligibility to be elected and loss of mandate and are implemented into the electoral system in different ways and under various criteria such as nature of the offence, nature of the sentence etc. However, there are several electoral systems which do not impose restrictions i.e., do not recognize ineligibility to be elected nor the loss of mandate.
Emphasis is placed on the Croatian regulatory framework which recognizes restrictions to the right to stand for election through Local Election Act and Act on the Election of MPs to the Croatian Parliament. Conditions under which electoral candidates lose their mandate or are ineligible to be elected are generally correspondent with the conditions put in place by other legislations, especially the ones in Europe.
In the analysis of the validity of the implementation of restrictive measures to the right to stand for election, arguments for and against of the implementation are put forward. On one hand, protection of democracy, anti-corruption efforts and forcing political responsibility upon the electoral candidates are arguments in favour of the restriction. On the other hand, however, indirect restriction of the right to vote and tackling political adversaries point to arguments on why one should be cautious when regulating the restrictions.
It is important to note that, for the reasons stated above, legislator is the one required to enact quality election laws and consistently apply them in order to regain the trust of voters in public officeholders.
Keywords
kazneni progon
pasivno biračko pravo
pravni temelji ograničenja
zabrana kandidiranja
gubitak mandata
opravdanost implementacije ograničenja
Keywords (english)
criminal proceedings
right to stand for election
legal basis for restriction
ineligibility to be elected
loss of mandate
validity of restriction implementation
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:199:041021 Study programme Title: Law Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Closed access Terms of use Created on 2022-01-03 12:21:24
