| Abstract | Cilj ovog rada jest pružiti sistematičan i analitički prikaz instituta pobijanja pravnih radnji dužnika u hrvatskom pravu, s naglaskom na pobijanje pravnih radnji stečajnog dužnika i analizu posebnih osnova za pobijanje pravnih radnji stečajnog dužnika. Logička struktura ovog instituta nalaže da je potrebno krenuti od opće analize istog u okviru obveznog prava, pa onda prijeći na specifičnosti pobijanja pravnih radnji dužnika u stečaju. Kako se radi o dvije varijante istog instituta, u oba je konteksta potrebno utvrditi: da se radi o pravnoj radnji dužnika, da je tom radnjom oštećen vjerovnik, da je radnja vremenski bliska trenutku pobijanja te prisutnost određenih subjektivnih ili objektivnih okolnosti kod dužnika i treće osobe u vrijeme poduzimanja radnje. Zakon o obveznim odnosima regulira actio Paulianu u normalnim uvjetima trgovačkog i građanskog obveznog prava uz razlikovanje pobijanja naplatnih i besplatnih radnji dužnika. Nakon otvaranja stečajnog postupka, pravne radnje koje je dužnik poduzeo prije stečaja mogu se pobijati u okviru odredaba Stečajnog zakona. Posebne osnove za pobijanje radnji stečajnog dužnika uključuju: kongruentno i inkongruentno pokriće, izravno oštećenje, namjerno oštećenje, pravne radnje bez ili uz neznatnu naknadu, zajam kojim se nadomješta kapital i tajno društvo. Za detaljniju analizu posebnih osnova actio Pauliane u stečaju potrebno je razmotriti elemente mnogih grana prava poput građanskog prava, parničnog prava, izvanparničnog prava, prava društava, trgovačkog prava, stečajnog prava i dr. |
| Abstract (english) | The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic and analytical overview of the legal concept of challenging debtor’s legal actions in Croatian law, with an emphasis on challenging the legal actions of a bankruptcy debtor and an analysis of the specific grounds for challenging the legal actions of a bankruptcy debtor. The logical structure of this institute requires an initial general analysis within the framework of the law of obligations, followed by an examination of the specifics pertaining to challenging the legal actions of a debtor in bankruptcy. Since this pertains to two variations of the same institute, in both contexts it is necessary to establish that the action is a legal action of the debtor, that the creditor has been harmed by such action, that the action is temporally close to the moment of challenge, and the presence of certain subjective or objective circumstances concerning the debtor and a third party at the time the action was undertaken. The Obligations Act regulates the actio Pauliana under normal conditions of commercial and civil obligatory law, distinguishing between the challenge of chargeable and non-chargeable actions of the debtor. Following the initiation of bankruptcy proceedings, legal actions undertaken by the debtor prior to the bankruptcy can be challenged within the legal framework of the Bankruptcy Act. Specific grounds for challenging the actions of a bankruptcy debtor include congruent and incongruent coverage, direct harm, intentional harm, legal actions with no or insignificant compensation, loans that substitute capital, and secret companies. For a more detailed analysis of the specific grounds of actio Pauliana in bankruptcy, it is necessary to consider elements from various branches of law, such as civil law, civil procedure, non-litigious procedure, corporate law, commercial law, bankruptcy law, and others. |
