Šutnja kao pravni institut u trgovačkom pravu: komparativna analiza s austrijskim zakonodavstvom

master's thesis

• Title (english): Silence as a legal institute in commercial law: a comparative analysis with austrian legislation
• Author: Lana Pavešić
• Mentor: Petar Miladin (mentor)
• Committee member: Petar Miladin (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tomislav Jakšić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Antun Bilić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Law; (Company Law and Company Law); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-12-11, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Law

Abstract

Ovaj rad analizira pravnu prirodu šutnje kao oblika očitovanja volje u trgovačkom pravu Hrvatske i Austrije, s posebnim osvrtom na razlike u normativnim rješenjima i pravnim učincima. Za razliku od općeg ugovornog prava, koje šutnju u pravilu ne priznaje kao izraz prihvaćanja ponude, trgovačko pravo, vođeno načelima efikasnosti, ekonomičnosti i zaštite povjerenja, u određenim situacijama šutnji priznaje pravno značenje. U hrvatskom pravnom poretku, članak 265. Zakona o obveznim odnosima propisuje da šutnja ponuđenika, osobito u kontekstu stalnih poslovnih odnosa, može predstavljati prihvaćanje ponude. Ovo rješenje temelji se na pretpostavci povjerenja i redovnog poslovanja među strankama, pri čemu se ponašanje ponuđenika koji ne odbije nalog tumači kao konkludentni čin prihvaćanja.
U austrijskom pravu, članak 863. Općeg građanskog zakonika uređuje šutnju kao oblik prihvaćanja ponude u slučajevima kada to nalažu poslovni običaji ili priroda posla. Ključna razlika između dvaju pravnih sustava leži u opsegu obveze očitovanja volje ponuđenika. Hrvatsko pravo nameće obvezu aktivnog očitovanja u poslovnim odnosima, dok austrijsko pravo u većoj mjeri respektira slobodu ugovaranja i prilagodbu običajima industrije. U radu se naglašava uloga šutnje u okviru stalnih poslovnih odnosa, gdje ona može imati znatne pravne posljedice za stranke. Zaključno, analiza instituta šutnje ukazuje na prilagodbu trgovačkog prava suvremenim gospodarskim potrebama, pri čemu se nastoji postići ravnoteža između autonomije volje stranaka i pravne sigurnosti te očuvanja povjerenja u poslovnim odnosima.

Abstract (english)

This thesis analyzes the legal nature of silence as a form of manifestation of intent in the commercial law of Croatia and Austria, with a particular focus on the differences in normative solutions and legal effects. Unlike general contract law, which typically does not recognize silence as acceptance of an offer, commercial law, guided by the principles of efficiency, economy, and trust, grants legal significance to silence in certain situations. In the Croatian legal system, Article 265 of the Obligations Act stipulates that the silence of the offeree, especially in the context of ongoing business relationships, may constitute acceptance of an offer. This rule is based on the presumption of trust and the regularity of business conduct between the parties, whereby the offeree's failure to reject an order is interpreted as a conclusive act of acceptance.
In Austrian law, Article 863 of the Austrian Civil Code regulates silence as a form of acceptance of an offer in cases where business customs or the nature of the transaction so require. The key difference between the two legal systems lies in the extent of the obligation for the offeree to manifest their intent. Croatian law imposes an obligation of active expression of intent in business relationships, while Austrian law places greater emphasis on the freedom of contract and the adaptation to industry-specific customs. The thesis highlights the role of silence within the framework of ongoing business relationships, where it can have significant legal consequences for the parties involved. In conclusion, the analysis of the institute of silence demonstrates how commercial law adapts to the needs of the modern economy, striving to achieve a balance between the autonomy of the parties' will, legal certainty, and the preservation of trust in business relations.

• Keywords: Šutnja kao izjava volje; konkludentne radnje; trgovačko pravo; trgovački ugovori; sklapanje ugovora; pravna priroda šutnje u trgovačkom pravu; austrijsko pravo
• Keywords (english): Silence as a Declaration of Intent; Conclusive Acts; Commercial Law; Commercial Contracts; Contract Formation; Legal Nature of Silence in Commercial Law; Austrian Law
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:199:108950
• Study programme: Title: Law; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni magistar/magistrica prava (sveučilišni magistar/magistrica prava)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-12-16 09:35:51