| Abstract | Istražni zatvor je jedna od mjera procesne prisile u kaznenom postupku koja se određuje radi osiguranja svrhe propisane kaznenim procesnim pravom. Mjera istražnog zatvora nikad, ni u jednom slučaju ne smije predstavljati kaznu jer se svrha istražnog zatvora razlikuje od svrhe zatvora. Ta svrha je primarno osiguranje prisutnosti okrivljenika u kaznenom postupku, ali i suzbijanje drugog njegovog ponašanja kojim može bitno osujetiti pokretanje i vođenje kaznenog postupka ili naštetiti društvenoj zajednici. Istražni zatvor je krajnja, iznimna mjera koja se primjenjuje protiv okrivljenika protiv kojeg postoji osnovana sumnja da je počinio određeno kazneno djelo koje mu se stavlja na teret. Uz to traži se i postojanje jednog od istražnozatvorskih razloga (causae arresti). Istražni zatvor se određuje i produljuje pisanim rješenjem nadležnog suda. U zajedničkim odredbama mjera osiguravanja prisutnosti okrivljenika u kaznenom postupku je navedena klauzula rebus sic stantibus prema kojoj sud i druga državna tijela pri odlučivanju o mjerama osiguranja prisutnosti okrivljenika i drugim mjerama opreza po službenoj dužnosti paze da se ne primjenjuje teža mjera ako se može ista svrha postići blažom mjerom. Odredbe o istražnom zatvoru zakonodavac je ublažio propisujući mjeru istražnog zatvora u domu, ako je za ostvarenje svrhe istražnog zatvora dovoljna zabrana okrivljeniku da se udaljuje iz doma. U Republici Hrvatskoj za izvršavanje istražnog zatvora ustrojeni su zatvori. Istražni zatvor se mora izvršavati tako da se ne vrijeđa osobu i dostojanstvo zatvorenika. Zatvorenikova prava i slobode mogu biti ograničeni samo u mjeri potrebnoj da se ostvari svrha radi kojeg je određen istražni zatvor, spriječi bijeg zatvorenika i počinjenje kaznenog djela te otkloni opasnost po život i zdravlje ljudi. Donošenjem brojnih međunarodnih dokumenata ostvarena je mogućnost zaštite prava istražnih zatvorenika ne samo na nacionalnoj razini. Proces prizonizacije je takav proces kojim zatvorenik postaje dijelom zatvoreničkog sustava, društva, preuzimanjem normi tog društva i osjećajući se pripadnikom tog društva. Gubitak slobode i zatvaranje stresni je događaj za svakoga čovjeka, osobito za osobu koja se prvi puta nađe u takvoj situaciji. Ono što najviše pogađa zatvorenika je prekid veza s bliskim osobama i odbacivanje od strane društvene zajednice. Gubitak slobode, osim toga, donosi u pravilu i gubitak radnog mjesta, a nerijetko i raspad obitelji. Povećanje broja istražnih zatvorenika pogađa samu državu, a tako i društvo. Zatvorenici se suočavaju s raznoraznim deprivacijama, depresijom, nesanicom, nasiljem od strane ostalih zatvorenika i sl. Zbog takvog se etiketiranja pojedinac, po izlasku iz istražnog zatvora, suočava s problemima resocijalizacije i pronalaženjem novog posla. |
| Abstract (english) | Pre-trial detention is one of the measures of procedural coercion in criminal proceedings, which is determined to ensure the purpose prescribed by criminal procedural law. The measure of pretrial detention must never, in any case, constitute a punishment because the purpose of pretrial detention is different from the purpose of prison. This purpose is primarily to ensure the presence of the defendant in the criminal proceedings, but also to suppress his other behavior which can significantly frustrate the initiation and conduct of the criminal proceedings or harm the social community. Pre-trial detention is a last, exceptional measure that is applied against a defendant against whom there is a well-founded suspicion that he has committed a specific criminal offense that he is charged with. In addition, the existence of one of the pre-trial detention reasons (causae arresti) is required. Pre-trial detention is determined and extended by a written decision of the competent court. In the common provisions of measures to ensure the presence of the defendant in criminal proceedings, the rebus sic stantibus clause is specified, according to which the court and other state bodies, when deciding on measures to ensure the presence of the defendant and other precautionary measures, ex officio make sure that a more severe measure is not applied if the same purpose can be achieved to a lesser extent. The legislator relaxed the provisions on pretrial detention by prescribing the measure of pretrial detention in the home, if for the purpose of the pretrial detention it is sufficient to prohibit the defendant from leaving the home. In the Republic of Croatia, prisons have been set up for pretrial detention. Pre-trial detention must be carried out in such a way that the person and dignity of the prisoner is not insulted. The prisoner's rights and freedoms can be limited only to the extent necessary to achieve the purpose for which the pretrial detention was established, to prevent the escape of the prisoner and the commission of a criminal offense, and to eliminate the danger to people's lives and health. By adopting numerous international documents, the possibility of protecting the rights of remand prisoners was realized not only at the national level. The process of imprisonment is such a process by which a prisoner becomes part of the prison system, society, by taking over the norms of that society and feeling like a member of that society. Loss of freedom and imprisonment is a stressful event for any person, especially for a person who finds himself in such a situation for the first time. What affects the prisoner the most is the severing of ties with close people and rejection by the social community. The loss of freedom, in addition, usually results in the loss of a job, and often also the breakup of a family. The increase in the number of remand prisoners affects the state itself, as well as society. Prisoners face various deprivations, depression, insomnia, violence by other prisoners, etc. Due to such labeling, the individual, after leaving pretrial detention, faces problems of resocialization and finding a new job. |
