Izmjena trgovačkih ugovora u međunarodnoj kupoprodaji robe i no-oral modification klauzule

master's thesis

• Title (english): Contract modification in International Sale of Goods and No-Oral Modification clauses
• Author: Nikola Meštrović
• Mentor: Tomislav Jakšić (mentor)
• Committee member: Tomislav Jakšić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Petar Miladin (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Siniša Petrović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Law; (Company Law and Company Law); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Law

Abstract

Sažetak:
Ovaj se rad bavi izmjenama ugovora u međunarodnoj kupoprodaji robe gdje su trgovci slobodni izmjene provoditi pukim sporazumom slobodnim od formalnih uvjeta. Međutim, Bečka konvencija o ugovorima o međunarodnoj kupoprodaji robe prepoznaje potrebu ugovornih strana da u svoj odnos unesu određenu dozu pravne sigurnosti što im je direktno omogućeno kroz pravni okvir no-oral modification klauzula koji Konvencija pruža. Radi se o odredbama ugovora prema kojima sve izmjene tog ugovora moraju biti u pisanom ili nekom drugačije određenom obliku. Stoga se u radu analizira narav i pravna priroda takvih klauzula, ali se i promatraju načini njihova tumačenja u svrhu određivanja konkretne namjere stranaka pri njihovom umetanju. Isto tako, u praksi su česte situacije da se ugovorne strane naknadno počnu odnositi kao da te klauzule u njihovu ugovoru nema − ispunjavajući svoje ugovorne obveze u skladu s odredbama ugovora izmijenjenim u pogrešnoj formi. U takvim slučajevima Konvencija propisuje prekluziju pozivanja na tu klauzulu kao zaštitu od proturječnog ponašanja u skladu s estoppel načelom. Pri tome je bitno izložiti pretpostavke za primjenu te odredbe, ali i naglasiti njen ograničen učinak. Također, u radu se navode mogućnosti neformalnog zaobilaženja dogovorenih formalnih uvjeta za izmjenu ugovora.

Abstract (english)

This paper deals with contract modification in international sale of goods, where the parties are free to conduct any modifications by the mere agreement without following any formal requirements. However, the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (The CISG) recognizes the need for contracting parties to introduce a certain degree of legal certainty into their relationship, which is directly facilitated by the legal framework of the no-oral modification clause provided by the Convention. No-oral modification clauses represent contract provisions stipulating that all amendments to the contract must be in writing or in some other specified form. Therefore, the paper analyses the nature and legal character of such clauses and examines the ways in which they should be interpreted to determine the specific intent of the parties when incorporating them. Additionally, in practice, it is common for contracting parties to subsequently act as if such clauses do not exist in their contract - fulfilling their contractual obligations in accordance with the informally amended provisions of the contract. In such cases, the Convention prescribes a preclusion from invoking the clause as a protection against contradictory behaviour in accordance with the estoppel principle. It is important to outline the prerequisites for the application of this provision while also emphasizing its limited effect. The paper also discusses the possibilities for informal modification of the agreed formal requirements for amendments.

• Keywords: Bečka konvencija o ugovorima o međunarodnoj kupoprodaji robe; izmjena ugovora; no-oral modification klauzule; estoppel; načelo slobodne forme; načelo autonomije stranaka; međunarodna trgovina
• Keywords (english): The Vienna Convention on the International Sale of Goods (The CISG); contract modification; no-oral modification clauses; estoppel; freedom of form; party autonomy; international sales of goods
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:199:447509
• Study programme: Title: Law; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni magistar/magistrica prava (sveučilišni magistar/magistrica prava)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-09-16 10:26:33