Societas u rimskom pravu s osvrtom na suvremeno hrvatsko uređenje

master's thesis

• Title (english): Societas in Roman law with an overwiew of the corresponding contemporary Croatian law
• Author: Iva Brezarić
• Mentor: Henrik-Riko Held (mentor)
• Committee member: Henrik-Riko Held (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tomislav Karlović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Saša Nikšić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Law; (Roman Law); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-06-07, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Law

Abstract

Ortaštvo (u rimskoj pravnoj tradiciji societas) je zajednica osoba i imovine bez pravne osobnosti u koju se dvije ili više osoba obvezuju uložiti svoj rad i/ili imovinu radi postizanja zajedničkog cilja. Nedvojbeno je kako njegov razvoj započinje od societas, tj. ugovora ius gentium kao prava koje je služilo radi olakšanja pravnog prometa Rimljana sa strancima u okolnostima procvata trgovine nakon Drugog punskog rata. No, u kontekstu podrijetla tog ugovora često se navodi i societas publicanorum ili se ide još više unazad do instituta pod nazivom consortium. Konsenzualni ugovor koji nastaje sporazumom volja njegovih članova koje nazivamo socii (ortaci), dvostranoobvezujući je pravni posao koji se temelji na načelu bona fides. Kao vrlo rasprostranjen uzdignut je na razinu ugovora iz kojeg nastaje utuživa obveza već na temelju konsenzusa o bitnim sastojcima. Zbog svojeg podrijetla iz ius gentium jedan je od četiri neformalnih ugovora koji su sa sobom donijeli jednostavnost i efikasnost sklapanja te uopće pridonijeli razvoju pravnog prometa. Iz njegovog razvoja nastala su četiri osnovna oblika societas (societas omnium bonorum, societas unius rei, societas quaestus i societas alicuius negotiationis) koja su također analizirana u radu. Ortaštvo je i danas često korišten ugovor građanskog prava. Tijekom razvoja tog ugovora došlo je do određenih preoblikovanja, iako kada govorimo o današnjem ortaštvu i njegovim temeljnim postavkama itekako se mogu prepoznati rimski korijeni. Uronjenost suvremenog ortaštva u rimsku pravnu tradiciju i njegova veza s rimskim societas ogleda se kako na terminološkoj tako i na sadržajnoj razini, u zakonodavstvu i u pravnoj praksi.

Abstract (english)

Partnership contract (societas in Roman legal tradition) is a union of person and assets without legal personality in which two or more persons commit to pool their labor and/or property to accomplish a common goal. It is clear that its development of this contract generally begins with societas, i.e. the partnership contract of ius gentium as a law that served to facilitate the legal transaction of Romans and foreigners in the circumstances of the flourishing trade after the Second Punic War. However, in the context of the origins of societas, a particular contract of societas publicanorum is also often cited or, even further back, an institute called the consortium. A consensual contract formed by the agreement of of its members, which we call socii (partners), it is a bilaterally binding legal transaction based on the principles of bona fides. I was a very widespread contract, elevated to the level of a contract from which a binding obligation arises although it was based only on consensus and no formalities were required. Due to its origin from the ius gentium, it is one of the four informal contracts that brought with them the simplicity and efficiency of legal transactions. Four basic forms of societas (societas omnium bonorum, societas unius rei, societas quaestus and societas alicuius negotiationis) emerged from its development, and are analysed in the text. This contract is still a frequently used civil law contract. On its development path it underwent certain transformations, although contemporary partnership and its fundamental principles have obvious Roman origins. Rootedness of contemporary contract of partnership in Roman law and Roman legal tradition is reflected terminologically and substantially, both in legislation and in case law.

• Keywords: societas; ortaštvo; ius gentium; rimsko pravo; rimska pravna tradicija
• Keywords (english): societas; partnership; ius gentium; Roman law; Roman legal tradition
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:199:225017
• Study programme: Title: Law; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra prava (magistar/magistra prava)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-06-14 09:23:39