Famine as international crime

master's thesis

• Author: Jakov Kandido
• Mentor: Sunčana Roksandić (mentor)
• Committee member: Sunčana Roksandić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Munivrana (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Iva Lopižić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Law; (Criminal Law); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-10-14, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Law

Abstract

U ovom diplomskom radu radi se o izgladnjivanju i zločinima koji stvaraju glad. Pobliže, tema je nastanak stanja gladi i razlika uzroka stanja gladi kao i razlike između takvih stanja kroz godine i na različitim područjima. Također, navedena su neka pravna rješenja kako bi glad i izgladnjivanje trebalo razmatrati kroz prizmu međunarodnog prava. Bitno je razlikovati stanja gladi nastala prirodno i stanja gladi koje je uzrokovao čovjek te su pružena objašnjenja zašto se neki događaji smatraju izgladnjivanjem, dok neki slični ne. Nadalje, pregled određenih gladi kroz povijest uparen je s istraživanjem i radom prof. Davida Marcus o izgladnjivajućim ponašanjima iz članka Famine crimes in international law. Poglavlje 3, Crimes of famine opisni je dio ovog diplomskog rada koji se sastoji od elaboracija gladi u Kini, Rusiji i Ukrajini u 20. Stoljeću. U 4. Poglavlju naglasak je na 21. stoljeću. Paragraf 4.1. Never again razjašnjava zašto su nekadašnja stanja gladi danas neponovljiva, posebno gladi iz 3. Poglavlja, dok paragraf 4.2. Modern Threats upozorava na suvremene situacije i procese koje mogu dovesti do stanja gladi. Posljednji paragraf 4. Poglavlja A way forward najvećim dijelom se temelji na radu dr. Sunčana Roksandić i u njemu su uz kritičku procjenu rada dr. Roksandić predviđeni pravni okvir i moguća rješenja procesuiranja kaznenih djela i drugih namjernih postupaka pojedinaca koja mogu uzrokovati glad.

Abstract (english)

In this thesis, it is presented what famine is, how famine happens in terms of origin of its causes and what are the differences in cases of famines that occurred in different periods and different parts of the world. Some legal solutions how famine should be treated in international law will be provided. It is important to differentiate human made and natural made famines, and why are some occurrences regarded as famines while others are not. Furtherly an overview of some historic famines is provided alongside the prof. David Marcus’ research on faminogenic behaviours. Different degrees of faminogenic behaviours are explained through the citations of Marcus’ article Famine crimes in international law. Chapter 3, Crimes of famine, is the descriptive part of this Thesis. It consists of descriptions of some of the worst famines throughout the history; Famines in China (1958-1962), Russia (1941-1944) and the Ukraine (1932-1933). In the Chapter 4 the emphasis is on famines in 21st century. Paragraph 4.1. under the subtitle Never Again explains why the underlined famines in this Thesis, particularly those listed in the Chapter 3, are unrepeatable in today’s world, while the paragraph 4.2. Modern Threats warns about contemporary threats and processes which could cause famines in the future. Final paragraph in this Chapter - 4.3. A Way Forward is mostly based on the work of dr. Sunčana Roksandić, and it critically assesses her proposals and provides the legal framework and possible solutions for prosecuting criminal offences and irresponsible (illegal) behaviours of individuals that may cause famine that were committed with necessary mens rea

• Keywords: Glad; Zločin izgladnjivanja; Međunarodni zločini; Zločini protiv čovječnosti; Ratni zločini; Holodomor
• Keywords (english): Famine; Crimes of Famine; International Crimes; Crimes against humanity; War crimes; Faminogenic behaviour; Holodomor
• Language: english
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:199:066957
• Study programme: Title: Law; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra prava (magistar/magistra prava)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-10-18 06:25:03